DOMAIN 1 Protista (Protist) The planet earth was formed from the sun in molten form 5 billion years ago. The earth was in a molten state & had a gravity field & a magnetic field. The earth cooled 4 billion years ago. Solid elements minerals, soils, rocks, & gemstones were formed. Life building blocks including elements, carbon molecules, nutrient mineral compounds, & radiation energy such as sunlight, & heat were formed. Minerals appeared on earth first, then rocks, & soils, then water, then sediments, then sedimentary rock, then primordial ooze (minerals plus water), then bacteria, then bacteriophages (viruses that attack bacteria), then plants, & then animals. The Non-Living Matter Subkingdom was established by George Bauer in 1556 in the book “De Re Metallica”, the first textbook on mining & science of mineralogy. In 1868, the Protist (Protista) Domain was added to the Plant & Animal Domains by German scientist Ernst Haeckel [1834-1919], to set apart micro-organisms (micro-biotes, microbes) from Plants & Animals.
KINGDOM 1 MATERIA (Non-living Matter) Non-living matter includes solid non-living matter, liquids, gases, plasmas, particle radiation, electromagnetic radiation fields, & vibrational energy fields. Examples of solid non-living matter are soil, rocks, minerals, gemstones, metals, alloys, plastics, & elements. Examples of gases are air & clouds. Examples of liquids are oil, rain, oceans, lakes, & streams. Non-living Matter species are published in ISBN:0-7414-4459-3. KINGDOM 2 MICROBEAVIRUS (Microbe Virus) Microbe Virus species invade Bacteria, Plankton & Protozoans to reproduce. Microbe Virus species are published in ISBN:0-7414-5214-6.
KINGDOM 3 PHYTOVIRUS (Plant Virus) Plant Virus species invade the spore plants; Algae, Fungus, Lichens, Moss, & Ferns, & the seed plants; Conifers (cone bearing plants), & Flowering Plants. Plant Virus species are published in ISBN:0-7414-5214-6.
KINGDOM 4 ZOOVIRUS (Animal Virus) Animal Virus species invade the invertebrates; nettles, sponges, corals, worms, shellfish, & arthropods (spiders & insects), & the vertebrates; fish, amphibians, reptiles, birds, & mammals. Animal Virus species are published in ISBN:0-7414-5214-6. KINGDOM 5 MICROBEA (Microbe) Latin: Micro micron sized, microscopic SUBKINGDOMS SPECIES Latin: Biota biological organism 51 Bacteria Bacteria 9,889 52 Protophyta Protophyte 1,550 53 Protozoa-prefungi Prefungus Protozoan 1,273 54 Protozoa-preporifera Presponge Protozoan 3,515 55 Protozoa-preverma Preworm Protozoan 2,297 Kingdom Microbea Microbe includes all of the micro-organisms (microbes) including bacteria, virus, protophytes (phytoplankton) & protozoans (animalcules & zooplankton). The term microbe is a contraction of the words microscopic biote. Although large colonies of bacteria, mildew, & plankton with 100,000 or more individuals are visible to the naked eye, the individual member organisms that make up the colonies are still microscopic. Hence the name Microbea Microbe Kingdom was deemed an appropriate name, since the individual species in the Kingdom are microscopic. Microbes are considered primordial organisms because they appeared first on earth 3.5 billion years ago according to the fossil record & because their DNA is found in higher life forms. The American Heritage Dictionary of the English Language Third Edition © 1992 by Houghton Mifflin Company defined Primordial as:
Primordial 1. Being or happening first in sequence of time; original. 2. Primary or fundamental: play a primordial role. 3. Biology. Belonging to or characteristic of the earliest stage of development of an organism or a part: primordial cells. [From the Late Latin prìmordiâlis, from Latin prìmordium, origin: prìmus, first + ordìr; to begin to weave into a pattern]
Other Classifications Kingdom Microbea Microbe has been previously referred to as primordial ooze, the protist kingdom, & the animalcule kingdom by Anthony van Leeuwenhoek [1632-1723] discoverer of the microbial world. He believed that microbes could spontaneously arise from inanimate matter (i.e. primordial ooze). One hundred years later, chemist Louis Pasteur [1822-1895] & physicist John Tyndall [1820-1893] proved that microbes are only produced by other microbes. Three former phylums in “The Taxonomic Outline of Procaryotic Genera Bergey’s Manual of Systematic Bacteriology 2nd Edition Release 1.0 April 2001”; Chlorobi, Chloroflexi & Spirochaetes have been lowered to the level of Class in Phylum Thin Wall Bacteria (Gracilicutes). “The Taxonomic Outline of Procaryotic Genera Bergey’s Manual of Systematic Bacteriology 2nd Edition Release 1.0 April 2001” only contained 10% of the Orders, Families, & Genera for the Phylum Blue Green Bacteria (Cyanobacteria). The Phylum Soft Wall Bacteria (Mollicutes) was recognized as Division Tenericutes by scientists Margulis & Schwartz in 1982. In 2006, Species 2000 & NBII did not assign 1082 bacteria Genera to Families, 92 Families to Orders & 37 Orders to a Class. They incorrectly grouped Protophyte Microbes & a few Algae Plants in a Division called Chromista. SUBKINGDOM 51 Bacteria Latin: Bacca berry PHYLUMS Latin: Terratisma terror, i.e. berry terror 511 Crenarchaeota Crenate Archaic Soft Wall Bacteria (+) Gram – gram negative bacteria stain pink 512 Euryarchaeota Methane & Hypersaline Thin Wall Bacteria (–)
Gram + gram positive bacteria stain purple 513 Gracilicutes Thin Wall Bacteria (–) 514 Cyanobacteria Cyan Thin Wall Bacteria (–) 10,122 Bacteria species 515 Proteobacteria Protean Thin Wall Bacteria (–) 516 Mollicutes Soft Wall Bacteria (+) 517 Firmicutes Firm Wall Bacteria (+) Subkingdom Bacteria species are the hardiest of all living organisms. Some species can survive well below freezing. Some species can survive in water above the boiling point. Some species have an affinity for hot acid. Other species can live by deriving hydrogen & carbon dioxide from rocks. Bacteria are the first organisms to invade land that has been burned, volcanic soils, & newly formed islands. Some species live at great ocean depths. Other species live in the stratosphere of the atmosphere. Bacteria are the only organisms that can convert the major gas of air, nitrogen (N2) into usable organic nitrogen by using their metabolism to perform nitrogen fixation. Bacteria are microscopic in size, 0.1 um to 10 um, & the cells are shaped like rods (bacci), spheres (cocci), or spirals (spirilli). Colonies of bacteria can form stalk shaped structures, long branching filaments, or tall structures. Some species form swimming colonies. Large colonies are visible to the naked eye as “scum”, “slime”, “gloop”, & “floc”. Bacteria first appeared on earth 3.4 billion years ago.
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